Digital Transformation of Higher Education in China: Ways to Improve Academic Performance/Digitalna transformacija visokoga obrazovanja u Kini: načini poboljšanja akademskoga postignuća

Abstract

Abstract
The globalization of the economy creates the need for tech-savvy specialists,
thereby stimulating the digital transformation of the education industry. This
study aims to determine whether the integration of virtual reality and flipped
classroom is able to increase academic performance of individuals enrolled in the
course “Strategic management for the sustainable development of national and
international tourism”. The study took place in the 2021/22 academic year in the
department of tourism management at Zhejiang University, China. The study
population consisted of 407 third-year students (54 % male and 46 % female);
the mean age of the respondents was 20.81±0.94. Students in the Virtual Reality
(VR) group showed 7.84 % better performance that those in the Flipped Classroom
(FC) group. The percentage of difference between the VR and traditional groups
was 13.01 %. Students in the FC group showed 4.79 % better performance than
students in the traditional group (p > 0.05). According to the respondents, the
major benefits of innovative learning over traditional education methods are
the support of personalized learning, flexibility, visual and auditory memory
development, complete immersion into the learning process, and accessibility of
learning materials. On the other hand, users reported getting addicted to the
virtual world, spending a lot of money on the necessary software and hardware,
experiencing reduction in interpersonal communication, and having problems
with content creation. The present findings can be useful to teachers who seek to
integrate innovative technologies into the learning process. Future research will
focus on investigating the impact of other innovative technologies by integrating
them into an online course “Analysis of the economic activity of tourist enterprises”.
Key words: academic performance; flipped classroom; higher education; immersion;
traditional education; virtual reality.

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Sažetak
Globalizacija ekonomije stvara potrebu za stručnjacima visokoga tehnološkog
znanja, što stimulira digitalnu transformaciju obrazovne industrije. Cilj ove studije
jest utvrditi može li integracija virtualne stvarnosti i obrnute učionice povećati
akademski učinak osoba upisanih na kolegij Strateški menadžment za održivi razvoj
nacionalnoga i međunarodnoga turizma. Istraživanje je provedeno u akademskoj
godini 2021./22. na Odsjeku za menadžment u turizmu na Zhejiang International
Studies University, Kina. Istraživačku populaciju činilo je 407 studenata treće godine
(54 % muškaraca i 46 % žena); prosječna dob ispitanika bila je 20,81 ± 0,94 godine.
Studenti u grupi virtualne stvarnosti (VR) pokazali su 7,84 % bolje rezultate od
onih u grupi obrnute učionice (FC). Postotna razlika između VR i tradicionalnih
grupa iznosila je 13,01 %. Studenti u grupi FC pokazali su 4,79 % bolje rezultate od
studenata u tradicionalnoj grupi (p > 0,05). Prema mišljenju ispitanika, glavne su
prednosti inovativnoga učenja u odnosu na tradicionalne obrazovne metode podrška
personaliziranom učenju, fleksibilnost, razvoj vizualnoga i auditivnoga pamćenja,
potpuna uronjenost u proces učenja i dostupnost obrazovnih materijala. S druge
strane, korisnici su izjavili da postaju ovisni o virtualnom svijetu, troše velike količine
novca na potreban softver i hardver, suočavaju se sa smanjenom međuljudskom
komunikacijom i imaju problema sa stvaranjem sadržaja. Ovi nalazi mogu biti
korisni nastavnicima koji žele integrirati inovativne tehnologije u proces učenja.
Buduća istraživanja bit će usmjerena na ispitivanje utjecaja drugih inovativnih
tehnologija njihovom integracijom u online predmet Analiza gospodarske djelatnosti
turističkih poduzeća.
Ključne riječi: akademsko postignuće; obrnuta učionica; tradicionalno obrazovanje;
uronjenost; virtualna stvarnost; visoko obrazovanje.