Repetitive Movement Timing of Preschool Children and Young Adults Assessed by the Wing- Kristofferson Model/Tajming repetitivnih pokreta predškolske djece i mladih odraslih osoba procijenjen prema Wing-Kristoffersonovu modelu

Abstract

Abstract
Synchronization of movement with the external pacing stimuli by use of finger
tapping is a widely used paradigm for assessing the accuracy of timekeeping and
repetitive motor timing. In the current study, developmental differences in repetitive
movement timing between preschool children and young adults were assessed.
The study showed that the length of the interresponse intervals (IRI) of children
was significantly shorter than IRI’s of adults, and significantly more variable. The
use of Wing-Kristofferson model allowed the separation of overall variability into
motor and clock components. In both groups clock-related variability was larger
than the motor-related one, and again, children variance components were both
significantly higher than those of young adults. The observed differences in timing
accuracy, detected at the central level, were explained in light of the development
of cognitive processes, especially attention, but they are likely connected to the other
motor control factors such as error correction and possible use of feedback.

Key words: age-related differences, motor timing, sensory-motor synchronisation,
tapping, young children, W-K model.

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Sažetak
Sinkronizacija pokreta s vanjskim ritmičkim podražajima uz uporabu tapinga
prstima naširoko je korištena paradigma za procjenu točnosti procjenjivanja vremena
i repetitivnoga motoričkog tajminga. U ovom radu procijenjene su razvojne razlike
između predškolske djece i mladih odraslih osoba u repetitivnom motoričkom
tajmingu. Pokazalo se da je duljina intervala između odgovora (IRI) djece značajno
kraća od IRI-a odraslih te da je varijabilnost značajno veća. Uporaba WingKristoffersonova
modela (WK) motoričkoga tajminga omogućila je razdvajanje
ukupne varijabilnosti na motoričku komponentu i komponentu sata. Varijabilitet
povezan sa satom u obje skupine bio je veći od varijabiliteta povezanoga s motoričkom
komponentom, a komponente varijance kod djece i ovdje su bile značajno veće nego
kod mladih odraslih osoba. Uočene razlike u točnosti procjenjivanja vremenskih
intervala, otkrivene na središnjoj razini, objašnjene su u svjetlu razvoja kognitivnih
procesa, posebno pažnje, ali su vjerojatno povezane i s čimbenicima motoričke
kontrole poput ispravljanja pogrešaka i mogućega korištenja povratne informacije.
Ključne riječi: dobne razlike, motorički tajming, predškolska djeca, senzornomotorička
sinhronizacija, taping, W-K model