From the Traditional toward the Contemporary Methodological Approach to Visual Arts Activities in Kindergarten: Croatian Experiences / Od tradicionalnoga prema suvremenom metodičkom pristupu likovnim aktivnostima u dječjem vrtiću: hrvatska iskustva

Abstract

Visual arts make an integral part of educational influences aiming to stimulate the child’s overall development and upbringing. The educational dimension of visual arts was recognized very early and has become an integral part of various forms of institutional education. The activities of artistic expression and creation have become essential in the educational practice of kindergartens from the very beginnings of institutional early and preschool education. Different views on the child's artistic development influenced educational programs and curricula of early and preschool education. Following the foreign pedagogical experiences as well as local educational practice, methodological approaches to visual arts activities in kindergarten have changed and improved over time. Copying and imitating the way of expression of visual arts educators have been replaced by the child’s spontaneous and innovative artistic expression and creation.

Keywords: institutional context; curricula; visual arts; pedagogical concepts, early and preschool education.

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Likovna kultura sastavni je dio odgojno-obrazovnih utjecaja u svrhu poticanja cjelovitoga razvoja i odgoja djeteta. Odgojno-obrazovna dimenzija likovne kulture prepoznata je vrlo rano te je postala sastavni dio različitih oblika institucionaliziranoga odgoja i obrazovanja. Aktivnosti likovnoga izražavanja i stvaranja postale sastavni dio odgojno-obrazovne prakse dječjih vrtića od samih početaka institucijskog ranog i predškolskog odgoja. Shvaćanja o djetetovom likovnom razvoju imala su utjecaj na odgojno-obrazovne programe odnosno kurikule ranog i predškolskog odgoja. Razvoj metodičkih pristupa likovnim aktivnostima u dječjem vrtiću mijenjao se i usavršavao tijekom vremena prateći pri tome strana pedagoška iskustva, ali i domaću odgojno-obrazovnu praksu. Pri tome je prijeđen put od precrtavanja i oponašanja likovnoga izraza odgojitelja do spontanog i stvaralačkog djetetovog likovnog izražavanja i stvaranja.

Ključne riječi: institucijski kontekst; kurikuli; likovna kultura; pedagoške koncepcije, rani i predškolski odgoj