Metric Characteristics of Tests for Assessing Coordination, Speed and Balance in a Four-Year Old Children / Metrijske karakteristike testova za procjenu koordinacije, brzine i ravnoteže kod četverogodišnjaka
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of this pilot study was to determine the metric characteristics of tests for assessing coordination, speed and balance in preschool children. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 59 boys and girls was measured. The respondents were selected from three kindergartens in city of Zagreb and their age ranged from 48 ± 6 month. The variables were composed of six motor tests from which two test was for assessing coordination (walking on all fours around the stem and eight with bending), two for assessing speed (two-leg jumping hoops and 10 m running) and two for testing balance (standing on one leg and walking on the narrowed field). The collected data were analysed by statistical software Statistica 12. The reliability of test were determined by calculating inter item correlation (r II), and Cronbach alpha (α). The basic descriptive parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (AS), standard deviation (SD), the asymmetry (SKEW) and degree of peakedness (KURT) of distribution for determine the sensitivity and the normality was tested by K-S test. The homogeneity was estimate by univariate analysis of variance (F test and the level of significance – p < 0,05). The results of this research will provide the answer whether the selected tests can be used to assess motor abilities in four-year children. This is a pilot study and the results will be helpful for future research based on motor abilities of preschool children.
Key words: motor abilities; preschool children; reliability of test
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Sažetak
Cilj ovog pilot istraživanja je bilo utvrđivanje metrijskih karakteristika testova za procjenu hipotetskih latentnih dimenzija motoričkih sposobnosti kod djece predškolske dobi i to: koordinacija, brzina i ravnoteža. Uzorak je činilo 59 dječaka i djevojčica starosti od 48 ± 6 mjeseci. Ispitanici su bili iz tri vrtića grada Zagreba. Mjerenje je provedeno sa šest varijabli od čega dva testa za procjenu koordinacije (hodanje četveronoške oko stalka i osmica sa sagibanjem), dva za procjenu brzine (sunožni skokovi u obruče i trčanje na 10 m) i dva za procjenu ravnoteže (stajanje na jednoj nozi i hodanje po suženoj površini). Prikupljeni podaci analizirani su statističkim paketom Statistica 12. Pouzdanost testa izračunata je korelacijom između čestica (IIr) i Cronbach alfom (α). Izračunati su osnovni deskriptivni parametri: aritmetička sredina (AS), standardna devijacija (SD), raspršenost (SKEW) i stupanj zakrivljenosti (Kurt) distribucije. Za procjenu osjetljivosti i normalnost distribucije korišten je KS test. Homogenost je procijenjena univarijatnom analizom varijance (F test i razina značajnosti - p <0,05). Rezultati ovog istraživanja će ukazati na mogućnost primjene odabranih testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti kod četverogodišnjaka. Kako je ovo pilot istraživanje, rezultati će nam poslužiti u daljnjim opsežnijim istraživanjima.
Ključne riječi: motoričke sposobnosti; pouzdanost testova; predškolska dob
The aim of this pilot study was to determine the metric characteristics of tests for assessing coordination, speed and balance in preschool children. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 59 boys and girls was measured. The respondents were selected from three kindergartens in city of Zagreb and their age ranged from 48 ± 6 month. The variables were composed of six motor tests from which two test was for assessing coordination (walking on all fours around the stem and eight with bending), two for assessing speed (two-leg jumping hoops and 10 m running) and two for testing balance (standing on one leg and walking on the narrowed field). The collected data were analysed by statistical software Statistica 12. The reliability of test were determined by calculating inter item correlation (r II), and Cronbach alpha (α). The basic descriptive parameters were calculated: arithmetic mean (AS), standard deviation (SD), the asymmetry (SKEW) and degree of peakedness (KURT) of distribution for determine the sensitivity and the normality was tested by K-S test. The homogeneity was estimate by univariate analysis of variance (F test and the level of significance – p < 0,05). The results of this research will provide the answer whether the selected tests can be used to assess motor abilities in four-year children. This is a pilot study and the results will be helpful for future research based on motor abilities of preschool children.
Key words: motor abilities; preschool children; reliability of test
---
Sažetak
Cilj ovog pilot istraživanja je bilo utvrđivanje metrijskih karakteristika testova za procjenu hipotetskih latentnih dimenzija motoričkih sposobnosti kod djece predškolske dobi i to: koordinacija, brzina i ravnoteža. Uzorak je činilo 59 dječaka i djevojčica starosti od 48 ± 6 mjeseci. Ispitanici su bili iz tri vrtića grada Zagreba. Mjerenje je provedeno sa šest varijabli od čega dva testa za procjenu koordinacije (hodanje četveronoške oko stalka i osmica sa sagibanjem), dva za procjenu brzine (sunožni skokovi u obruče i trčanje na 10 m) i dva za procjenu ravnoteže (stajanje na jednoj nozi i hodanje po suženoj površini). Prikupljeni podaci analizirani su statističkim paketom Statistica 12. Pouzdanost testa izračunata je korelacijom između čestica (IIr) i Cronbach alfom (α). Izračunati su osnovni deskriptivni parametri: aritmetička sredina (AS), standardna devijacija (SD), raspršenost (SKEW) i stupanj zakrivljenosti (Kurt) distribucije. Za procjenu osjetljivosti i normalnost distribucije korišten je KS test. Homogenost je procijenjena univarijatnom analizom varijance (F test i razina značajnosti - p <0,05). Rezultati ovog istraživanja će ukazati na mogućnost primjene odabranih testova za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti kod četverogodišnjaka. Kako je ovo pilot istraživanje, rezultati će nam poslužiti u daljnjim opsežnijim istraživanjima.
Ključne riječi: motoričke sposobnosti; pouzdanost testova; predškolska dob
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PDFDOI: https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v18i0.2161
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