Process Drama as a Form of Cooperative Learning / Procesna drama kao oblik suradničkoga učenja

Abstract

Abstract

Contemporary educational practice demands that we seek new strategies in articulation of lessons and realization of educational aims. These new approaches are necessitated by the post-modern times we live in, with all the pertaining cultural, economic, political, technical and technological changes. The role of the institutions has been revised, as well as the roles of parents, teachers and pupils. In the time we live and work pupils' achievements are described and measured according to competences. Some of these numerous competences stand out as an educational ideal: critical thinking, cooperative learning, assuming responsibility, ability to act as individuals and members of society. Such achievements are also prescribed in the curriculum, more precisely, in the National Curriculum Framework.

Cooperative learning, where pupils organized in groups join forces to learn during their school lessons, is often viewed as an especially interesting and productive learning method. The atmosphere among pupils who learn through cooperation is characterized by positive interdependence, that is, they are aware of the fact that the only way for them to succeed is by joining forces.

Process drama is a method of using drama in education. Absence of an audience is one of its characteristics. As it does not focus on performance but on examining and searching for answers to questions (issues), it represents a method for quality teaching and learning, which is exactly why it should be an integral part of the National Curriculum Framework. 

This paper posits a theory that process drama is a form of cooperative learning because the important characteristics of process drama and cooperative learning overlap. Therefore, their common characteristics, such as the teacher's/leader's different engagement, changing of the fixed patterns of thinking, acting and reflexive observation will be listed, compared and explained using a comparative method. 

The purpose of this paper is to offer a method suitable for the requirements of contemporary school classes.

Key words: competences; contemporary teaching methods; drama in education; NCF. 

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Sažetak

Suvremena odgojna i obrazovna praksa zahtijeva pronalaženje novih pristupa artikulaciji nastavnoga sata i ostvarivanju odgojnih i obrazovnih ciljeva. Te nove pristupe nameće postmoderno vrijeme u kojem živimo sa svim svojim kulturološkim, gospodarskim, političkim, tehničkim i tehnološkim promjenama. Preispituje se uloga institucija, ali preispituju se i pojedinačne uloge roditelja, učitelja i učenika. Vrijeme u kojem živimo i djelujemo postignuća učenika opisuje i mjeri kompetencijama. U mnoštvu sposobnosti neke se nameću kao odgojno-obrazovni ideal: kritičko mišljenje, suradničko učenje, preuzimanje odgovornosti, sposobnost djelovanja kao individue i dijela društva. Takva postignuća propisuje i kurikulum, točnije Nacionalni okvirni kurikulum. Iako su jezične nedoumice oko kurikuluma i kurikula dokinute pa struka preporuča oblik kurikul, u ovom će se radu koristiti oblik kurikulum jer je on potvrđeniji u pedagogijskoj literaturi, a samim time će se izbjeći moguće nejasnoće, nesporazumi i nelogičnosti.

Kao posebno zanimljiv i produktivan oblik učenja sve se češće ističe suradničko učenje u kojem učenici organizirani u grupe zajedničkim naporima svladavaju nastavno gradivo. Među učenicima koji uče surađujući vlada pozitivna međuovisnost, odnosno svijest da mogu uspjeti samo zajedničkim naporima.

Procesna drama je metoda dramskoga odgoja. Odsustvo publike jedno je od njezinih obilježja. Kako nije usmjerena na predstavljanje već na propitivanje i traženje odgovora na postavljena pitanja (probleme), predstavlja metodu za kvalitetno poučavanje i učenje.

U ovom radu postavlja se teza da je procesna drama oblik suradničkoga učenja jer se u bitnim obilježjima procesna drama i suradničko učenje preklapaju te će se komparativnom metodom zajednička obilježja popisati, usporediti i objasniti.

Svrha je ovoga rada ponuditi metodu koja odgovara zahtjevima suvremene nastave.

Ključne riječi: dramski odgoj; kompetencije; NOK; suvremene metode poučavanja.