Gender differences of preschool children in fundamental movement skills / Spolne razlike predškolske djece u biotičkim motoričkim znanjima

Ivana Nikolić, Snježana Mraković, Mateja Kunješić

Abstract


Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine whether there are significant differences between boys and girls, preschool children (4 - 4.5 years old), in locomotor skills and object control skills. Research included a total of 67 children, of which 34 boys (average body height 107.61 ± 4.43 cm; body weight 18.19 ± 4.43 kg) and 33 girls (average body height 107.31 ± 4.76 cm; body weight 19.00 ± 3.08 kg). All subjects were measured by 4 motor tests to estimate the balance, flexibility, coordination and frequency of movement (standing on one leg, bend and reach, polygon backwards and hand tapping). Motor skills were estimated by Test of Gross Motor Development, which includes 7 locomotor skills (run, gallop, hop, leap, standing long jump, slide, skip) and 4 object control skills (stationary bounce, catch, kick, overhand throw). Univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences in motor test polygon backwards in favor of boys (p = .001). Total locomotor score was higher in girls than boys (p = .01), although  the differences are significant only in gallop (p = .02), hop (p = .02) and skip (p = .03). Total object control score shows a higher average values of girls in stationary bounce and catch (p = .01), and for boys in overhand throw (p = .03) and kick. In total fundamental movement skills girls scored better result on a level of significance (p = .02). On this sample in girls is noticeable higher level of motor skills compared to boys of the same age.
Keywords: locomotor skills; object control skills; preschoolers
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Sažetak
Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike između dječaka i djevojčica predškolske dobi (4 - 4.5 godina) u lokomotornim motoričkim znanjima i manipuliranju objektima. Istraživanjem je ukupno obuhvaćeno 67 djece, od čega 34 dječaka (prosječne tjelesne visine 107.61 ± 4.43 cm; tjelesne težine 18.19 ± 4.43 kg)  i 33 djevojčica (prosječne tjelesne visine 107.31 ± 4.76 cm i tjelesne težine 19.00 ± 3.08kg). Svi ispitanici izmjereni su putem 4 motorička testa za procjenu ravnoteže, fleksibilnosti, koordinacije i brzine frekvencije pokreta (stajanje na jednoj nozi, pretklon na klupici, poligon natraške i taping rukom). Motorička znanja procijenjena su testom Test of Gross Motor Development, koji uključuje 7 lokomotornih (trčanje, galop naprijed, poskoci na jednoj nozi, skok s noge na nogu, skok u dalj iz mjesta, galop strance, niski skip) i 4 motorička znanja – manipuliranje objektima (vođenje lopte u mjestu, hvatanje lopte objema rukama, udaranje lopte nogom i bacanje loptice u dalj). Univarijatnom analizom varijance utvrđene su značajne razlike u motoričkom testu poligon natraške u korist dječaka (p = .001). Ukupni skor lokomotornih znanja veći je kod djevojčica u odnosu na dječake (p = .01), iako su razlike značajne samo kod galopa (p = .02), poskoka (p = .02) i niskog skipa (p = .03). Ukupni skor u manipuliranju objektima pokazuje veće prosječne vrijednosti kod djevojčica u vođenju lopte i hvatanju lopte objema rukama (p = .01), a kod dječaka u bacanju loptice u dalj (p = .03) i udaranju lopte nogom. U ukupnom skoru lokomotornih znanja i manipuliranju objektima djevojčice su postigle bolje rezultate na razini značajnosti (p = .02). Na ovom uzorku ispitanika kod djevojčica je primjetna viša razina motoričkih znanja u odnosu na dječake iste dobi.
Ključne riječi: lokomotorna znanja; manipuliranje objektima; predškolci

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.15516/cje.v18i0.2163

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